This study investigates big data-driven collaborative development models between low-altitude economy and emergency logistics across China. Through comprehensive empirical analysis of multi-source operational data from 2018 to 2024, we identify significant regional disparities in collaborative development indices (eastern: 0.86; western: 0.50 on a 0–1 scale). This study proposes and validates three collaborative models—traffic coordination, intelligent resource allocation, and regional service networks—each addressing distinct operational challenges. Path analysis reveals data integration quality as the primary determinant of collaborative efficiency (47.3%), followed by infrastructure readiness (26.8%). The findings add to complex systems theory by using a multi-dimensional assessment framework with dynamic weighing mechanisms. We suggest differentiated policy prescriptions to remove regional bottlenecks while expediting infrastructure development in under-developed areas.