This study, in response to the urgent need for modernization transformation of the teaching system of environmental art design in China, innovatively constructs a research framework that deeply integrates theory and practice. Based on systematic literature analysis, a teaching reform path centered on interdisciplinary integration was established. A breakthrough was made by introducing a deep belief network to construct an intelligent teaching quality assessment system, and a multi-level feature extraction architecture was adopted to achieve in-depth mining and intelligent analysis of teaching data. Experimental verification shows that this model significantly improves the evaluation efficiency and objectivity while maintaining the professionalism of expert assessment. The “foundation consolidation-ability advancement-Innovative practice” gradient curriculum system reconstruction plan proposed in the research has formed a replicable professional construction model, providing important theoretical support and practical guidance for the innovative development of design education in the new era, and effectively promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional EAD majors towards digitalization and intelligence.