This paper presents a collaborative optimization control framework using a Stackelberg game (leader-follower game) approach for microgrid source-grid-load-storage coordination. In this framework, the microgrid system acts as the leader, whose objective is to minimize the total operational cost. Distributed energy resources including renewable energy and energy storage as well as flexible loads serve as followers. Specifically, renewable energy followers seek to minimize costs by considering penalties for curtailment. Energy storage followers optimize regulation performance while considering overcharging/over-discharging risks. Load followers focus on improving power quality while maintaining demand response capabilities. Results demonstrate that all participants under the proposed game framework can reach a Stackelberg equilibrium, effectively harmonizing the interests of various participants and enhancing energy storage safety and regulation capabilities. The microgrid scheduling plan ensures the secure and stable operation of the system.