The development of big data technology has brought more developable opportunities to the field of English teaching. This article discusses the role and strategies of big data in English teaching from the perspective of learning situation analysis, and proposes a learning situation analysis model based on big data, which utilizes data science and artificial intelligence technology to achieve personalized and intelligent teaching. The article introduces the background and goals of teaching change, describes the theoretical framework and technical components of the learning situation analysis model, demonstrates the methods and effects of personalized teaching, and the process and results of experimental evaluation. The article also gives suggestions for promoting big data-accurate teaching and emphasizes the potential and prospects of big data in English teaching.