Pipelines serve as a crucial means for transporting hydrocarbon fluids across vast distances worldwide. These pipeline structures are meticulously designed to withstand various environmental loads, thereby ensuring the secure and dependable distribution of fluids from production points to distribution depots or coastal areas. However, the occurrence of leaks within pipeline networks poses a significant challenge, leading to substantial losses for pipeline operators and the environment. Pipeline failures can lead to serious ecological disasters, loss of life and economic setbacks. To mitigate these risks and maintain the safety and reliability of pipeline facilities, a significant amount of research has been devoted to implementing leakage detection and location systems employing diverse approaches. Based on the influence of corrosion and leakage on pipeline circumferential strain, this paper proposes a method to detect corrosion and leakage by using Optical Fiber Strain Sensor (OFSS) to monitor pipeline circumferential strain. The experimental results are verified. It provides a new idea and method for pipeline health monitoring.