With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, its application in the field of college sports health management has become a new focus of research. The purpose of this study is to explore and evaluate the application effect of artificial intelligence technology in college sports health management. The study first collected and processed relevant data, including health examination data, physical activity data, and dietary habits information. Random forest and neural network models were then used for data analysis, with a focus on predicting and improving student health. Through the training, validation, and testing of the model, this study not only demonstrates the potential of artificial intelligence in health data analysis but also puts forward targeted health management recommendations. Although studies have shown that the model performs well in data analysis and prediction, there are still limitations in data representation, model generalization ability, and practical application feasibility. Future research can focus on expanding the scope of data collection, enhancing model generalization, and exploring more practical technical solutions.