Earthquakes can cause fatal damage to concrete bridges. To enhance the seismic resistance of reinforced concrete bridge structures, a finite element model of a continuous reinforced concrete beam bridge is designed using Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology, and a calculation method for the overall equivalent damping ratio of the bridge is designed based on this bridge type. In the case analysis, the designed calculation method has a smaller relative displacement error at the pier top under seismic loads compared to traditional calculation methods. As the longitudinal reinforcement ratio of the pier column section increases, the bearing capacity of the section significantly increases, while the corresponding ultimate curvature decreases. The greater the yield strength of the longitudinal reinforcement in the pier column section, the greater the bearing capacity of the pier column section, but the displacement ductility coefficient of the section shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. For the reinforcement ratio of the pier column section, increasing the reinforcement ratio does not significantly improve the bearing capacity of the pier column section, but the displacement ductility of the section is significantly improved. The yield strength of the hoop reinforcement is increased from 250 MPa to 550 MPa, and the maximum bending moment of the pier column section and the maximum bending moment in the elastic stage are increased by 3.84% and 1.85%, respectively. It can be seen that this method has a small error under seismic loads and has good application advantages in bridge seismic design. The research content will provide effective technical references for the design of concrete structures for building bridges, as well as seismic construction and maintenance of bridges.