In the contemporary epoch of novel productive forces, the cultivation of high-quality, application-oriented talent is imperative for the advancement of the new chemical materials industry. The proposed model is a “three joints and five collaborations” university-enterprise collaborative talent training model. The “three joints” refer to joint team building, joint talent training, and joint science and industry, whereas the “five cooperations” include cooperation in the establishment of training programs, teaching of quality management, cultivation of high-level students, promotion of industrial scientific research, and sharing of achievements. This model addresses the challenges faced by traditional talent cultivation modes in meeting the demands of new productive forces. The Applied Chemistry Program at Putian University, in collaboration with several leading enterprises in Fujian Province, has established internship bases, restructured the curriculum system, and strengthened practical teaching. These efforts have yielded substantial advancements in students’ application and innovation abilities. Notable outcomes include a 99% employment rate, with 25% of graduates pursuing further education, and 83% of employed graduates adapting “seamlessly” to technical roles. Furthermore, students have published over 100 papers and obtained more than 10 patents. The model has also facilitated the transformation of scientific research achievements into productive forces, generating significant economic benefits for the enterprises involved. This model offers a promising approach for local universities to cultivate high-quality talent that meets the demands of new productive forces. This study provides a valuable reference for the transformation, upgrading, and high-quality development of China’s new chemical materials industry and broader manufacturing sector.