When safety hazards such as tunnel collapse or water inflow occur, it not only increases construction cost and difficulty but also causes personal injury and death to construction personnel, which has adverse effects on society. A tunnel structural safety monitoring device system based on Internet of Things low-power communication is suggested to increase the stability and security of the tunnel building process. It monitors construction conditions by combining ambient sensors and gathering tunnel data using phase laser ranging. The results showed that compared with other methods, the accuracy, recall, F1 value, and mean square error of tunnel structure safety monitoring based on remote radio technology were 87.51%, 86.17%, 0.891, and 0.42, respectively. When the temperature was between 5 and 25°C, the reading difference was between -1 mm and 1 mm, and the fluctuation range of the reading difference was not large. The temperature had a small impact on the accuracy of laser ranging. When the air humidity was greater than 60% or the dust concentration was greater than 60ppm, the reading difference significantly increased, and the air humidity and dust concentration had an impact on the accuracy of laser ranging. The proposed method has strong reliability in monitoring the safety of tunnel structures, effectively shortening measurement time and improving monitoring efficiency.